HBM Demand: What 135 SEC Filings Reveal About AI's Memory Chokepoint
High-bandwidth memory powers every AI accelerator from NVIDIA's H100 to AMD's MI300X—but the most revealing data about HBM supply geography doesn't appear in any chip maker's filing. It's in FormFactor's annual report, where a probe card geographic revenue table shows South Korea overtook the United States as the dominant buyer of HBM test equipment in 2025, adding $53 million while US revenues fell $32 million in a single year. This analysis cross-reads 135 operational SEC filings across four companies and three SIC codes—tracing HBM demand from process equipment through memory production, test infrastructure, and demand driver—to surface a supply chain concentration that no single 10-K can reveal.
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