CFA charterholders and former institutional equity analysts. We apply fundamental analysis frameworks to SEC filings, focusing on capital allocation, earnings quality, and operational resilience.
Credentials: CFA charterholders and former institutional equity analysts
Methodology: Every metric is calculated directly from SEC XBRL filings — no estimates, no consensus data, no third-party adjustments. We process filings for thousands of public companies and apply institutional-grade analytical frameworks to the raw data.
Vertiv Holdings generated $10.2 billion in FY2025 revenue with 21.2% ROIC and doubled its backlog to $15 billion. But the 10-K contains no remaining performance obligation disclosure — the word 'backlog' appears only in narrative sections. Meanwhile, Q4 organic growth was Americas +46.2% against EMEA -14.1% and APAC -9.3%, and a $1.14 billion acquisition allocating 91% to intangibles accelerates amortization by $74 million per year. At ~73x trailing P/E — double the ~35x for Schneider Electric and Eaton — the valuation prices a global compounder. The filing shows a US pure-play with an unverifiable backlog.
NVIDIA generated $216 billion in revenue with 75% gross margins — the most dominant operating performance in tech history. But the FY2026 10-K reveals $165 billion in total obligations growing 2-5x faster than revenue, a $17 billion Groq license that created $14.4 billion in goodwill on zero revenue, and a $40 billion equity portfolio entangling NVIDIA with its own customer ecosystem. These aren't reasons to sell — they're the specific conditions investors should monitor at 25x forward earnings.
Gold hit $5,000 and both mining companies and royalty companies are printing record cash. But the SEC filings reveal that the conventional wisdom about miners' 2x leverage is wrong — it's only 1.18x. We analyzed four companies' filings to build a framework that shows exactly when each model wins, anchored to a single number: $2,750.
Roblox — the gaming platform with 85 million daily active users — reported $6.8 billion in bookings and $4.9 billion in revenue for FY2025, with $1.36 billion in free cash flow. But the 10-K reveals a $1.07 billion GAAP loss bridged almost entirely by $1.13 billion in stock-based compensation. Meanwhile, 63% of that revenue came from prior-year bookings, recognized through a $6.5 billion deferred revenue liability controlled by a single 27-month accounting estimate. The structural cost floor consumes 66.6% of revenue before any personnel costs, $1.6 billion in new lease commitments will double infrastructure expenses, and FY2026 GAAP losses are guided to widen even as revenue grows 25%.
Robinhood reported $4.47 billion in revenue — up 52% — with $1.88 billion in net income and a 42% margin. Then you read footnote 13: 55% of that revenue flows through market maker counterparties.
Ferrari returned €1.3 billion to shareholders in FY2025 while carrying just €72 million of industrial net debt — a 0.03x leverage ratio on 38.8% EBITDA margins. But the 20-F reveals that widely-cited free cash flow of €1.9 billion excludes €458 million in capitalized BEV development costs. True FCF is €1.4 billion, and capital returns consume 93.5% of it. Meanwhile, a €89 million Patent Box tax reversal explains why net income grew only 4.8% despite EBIT growing 11.8%. The fortress is real. The margin of safety is thinner than it appears.
Spotify nearly doubled net income to €2.2 billion in FY2025 — the best year in the company's history — and Wall Street responded with 33 Buy ratings. But the 20-F reveals that €510 million of the profitability improvement came from a one-time deferred tax asset recognition that will never recur. With unrecognized DTAs exhausted from €818 million to €41 million, FY2026 net income may be flat or decline even as operating income grows 20%. The trailing P/E of 46.6x is tax-inflated; the tax-normalized P/E is 50-57x. Meanwhile, €1.5 billion in exchangeable notes mature in March 2026, the first-ever buyback program is accelerating, and a €358 million royalty lawsuit threatens the audiobook bundling strategy.
Bloom Energy's stock surged 527% in eight months on a $20 billion backlog and 37% revenue growth. But the FY2025 10-K reveals that only $419 million — or 2.1% — of that backlog qualifies as a GAAP Remaining Performance Obligation. The other 97.9% includes $14 billion in service contracts terminable annually for convenience, product backlog inflated by anticipated tax credits, and 43% concentration on a single related party. Meanwhile, the company issued $2.5 billion in 0% convertible notes and posted a GAAP net loss of $88.4 million in its record year.
Booking Holdings generated $9.1 billion in free cash flow in FY2025 — a record — while GAAP earnings fell 8%. The $26.9 billion online travel agency's 10-K reveals why: $2.7 billion in accounting artifacts (FX losses on EUR debt, a KAYAK impairment, and convertible note charges) consumed the entire $1.67 billion operating improvement. Underneath the GAAP noise, adjusted EBITDA grew 20.5%, the merchant moat deepened to 70% of bookings, and the self-funding cash flow flywheel returned 84% of FCF to shareholders. The complication: the AI disruption that triggered a $457M write-down of KAYAK is the same force BKNG is betting $700M to harness.
Shopify's gross margins have declined from 50% to 46% over six quarters. Most investors see this as a red flag. But Shopify's FY2025 10-K reveals a counter-intuitive dynamic: as lower-margin Merchant Solutions grows to dominate the revenue mix, operating margins are actually expanding — because it needs dramatically less incremental S&M and R&D. The question is whether fintech risk changes this equation.
Palantir paid $23 million in taxes on $1.66 billion in pretax income — a 1.37% effective rate. The FY2025 10-K reveals exactly why: a single line item in the tax footnote worth $720 million that rises and falls with the stock price. That mechanism boosted reported net income by 19.4%, putting the real P/E closer to 247x than the reported 199x. The filing also shows that only 37% of the $11.2 billion remaining deal value is contractually binding, and that international commercial revenue grew just 2.4% in a year the company grew 56%. The business transformation is real — but so is the amplification.
Arista Networks reported $9 billion in revenue growing 29% with 43% operating margins, zero debt, and a $10.7 billion cash fortress. But the FY2025 10-K reveals something the earnings call doesn't say: 42% of that revenue comes from two customers (Microsoft surging to 26%), $6.8 billion in non-cancellable purchase commitments just jumped 42% in a single quarter, and the headline cash flow quality flatters the income statement. ANET trades at nearly the same P/E as NVIDIA. The filing shows why that comparison deserves scrutiny.
SoFi reported $481 million in net income for FY2025 — but 73% came from unrealized fair value gains on loans valued using management's models. The same 10-K reveals a $576 million fee business growing 234% that generates cash without touching the balance sheet. SoFi is transforming from a lender that risks its own capital to a platform that earns fees on other people's. The 3.62x book value — 2.5x LendingClub's — is a bet on which story wins.
Philip Morris trades at 22x earnings — double Altria's multiple — on the promise that ZYN and IQOS justify a consumer tech premium. But MetricDuck's ROIC data shows Altria earns 44.8% on invested capital versus PM's 34.5%. The FY2025 10-K reveals why: $28 billion in goodwill and intangibles from the Swedish Match acquisition, $11.7 billion in trade receivable factoring inflating operating cash flow, and an Americas segment earning just 10.4% margins while East Asia delivers 47%. The transformation is real. The valuation premium may not be.
Amphenol posted 52% revenue growth, 450bps of margin expansion, and closed its largest acquisition in history. The stock dropped. DuPont decomposition explains why: 86% of the balance sheet growth came from a single quarter, and incremental returns fell below the cost of debt.
We screened 1,752 SEC filings for recession-resistance metrics — ROIC, FCF margin, interest coverage, leverage, and consistency. The results were counterintuitive: nearly 80% of the strongest companies are in sectors most investors consider cyclical. Defensive sectors scored lower on every single metric. Here are the 15 most recession-resistant operations in the S&P 500, ranked by the numbers.
86% of Amazon's ROIC decline is capital turnover compression — not margin deterioration. The 10-K reveals why: $59B in new servers, a depreciation reversal on AI hardware, and $440B in irrevocable commitments. At $200B capex, the margin of safety is compressing.
Howmet Aerospace earns 34% gross margins with sole-source pricing power in jet engine castings — yet GAAP ROIC is only 18.6%. The FY2025 10-K reveals why: $4.5 billion in legacy goodwill from the Alcoa-Arconic spinoff chain sits on the balance sheet generating zero revenue. Tangible ROIC is 35%. Cash ROIC hit 28% in Q4. The market prices HWM at 59x earnings anyway — and a $1.8B acquisition is about to add more goodwill.
Meta's Family of Apps earns a 51.5% operating margin. Its ROIC is declining at -6.3 points per quarter. Both facts are true simultaneously. The gap between them reveals everything about the largest AI infrastructure bet in advertising history — and the accounting policies designed to make it look cheaper than it is.
At $2,800+ gold, all three major gold miners are profitable. The question is what each does with the windfall. Newmont (NEM) is shrinking — divesting six non-core mines for $3.4 billion, retiring $3.9 billion in debt — and its quarterly ROIC peaked at 19.1% in Q2 2025 before declining to 16.9% in Q3. But NEM's 20-quarter median ROIC is 5.6%, and $1.1 billion in divestiture gains inflate current earnings. Agnico Eagle (AEM) produces gold at the industry's lowest all-in sustaining cost — $1,339/oz in FY2025, up $100/oz from FY2024 due to higher royalties — from mines concentrated in Canada, Australia, and Finland. AEM generated record free cash flow of $4.4 billion and grew reserves to a record 55.4 million ounces. Barrick (B) holds 85 million ounces in reserves but its AISC rose to $1,637/oz in FY2025 — making it unprofitable below $1,637 gold while AEM breaks even at $1,339. Barrick's Mali crisis was resolved in December 2025 after costing an estimated $1.25 billion. This analysis compares per-ounce economics, capital allocation strategies, and jurisdiction risk using SEC filing data.
We computed ROIC from XBRL financial data for four agricultural equipment companies. Deere reports 5.9% consolidated ROIC — nearly identical to AGCO's 5.3%. But Deere's three equipment segments earn 23.8% return on $20.6 billion in segment assets. Financial Services earns 1.6% on $70 billion. The same ROIC number simultaneously hides world-class equipment economics and a $70 billion finance arm with deteriorating credit quality, interest coverage below 2x, and $47.5 billion in commitments. AGCO's FY2025 10-K resolved key uncertainties: the $350M revolver drawdown was fully repaid ($0 at year-end), the PTx Trimble goodwill impairment was a FY2024 charge (FY2025 assessment: clean), and interest coverage recovered to ~4.9x. Replacement parts revenue grew 3.2% to $1,873M while tractor sales fell 23% — the balance sheet signature of an aging fleet. Tariff exposure is wildly asymmetric: Deere faces $1.2B in costs, AGCO just $65M. Titan Machinery has three of four segments at a loss.
Five US-listed rare earth and critical minerals companies hold a combined ~$16 billion market cap. We computed cash runway, dilution velocity, and project funding gaps from their latest 10-Q XBRL data — then cross-referenced every government funding headline against what the SEC filings actually disclose. Key findings: NioCorp is 27% funded for the $1.14B Elk Creek Project with an EXIM timeline they 'cannot estimate.' Perpetua is 32% funded for a $2.2B project facing two federal lawsuits. NB shareholders have been diluted 210% from baseline. MP Materials is the only company with binding customer contracts and government price protection — but it's still burning $230M per year in free cash flow.
We computed ROIC from XBRL financial data for every NYSE-listed copper miner with processed filings. Freeport-McMoRan (FCX) — the world's largest publicly traded copper producer — earns the lowest return on invested capital at 9.2%, while Southern Copper (SCCO) generates 24.2% on half the revenue. The 10-K filings reveal why: FCX's Indonesia operations depend on $2.82/lb gold credits to achieve negative cash costs, while SCCO's $0.89/lb cost structure is built on vertical integration and 60-year mine lives.
Our analysis of 2,100+ SEC filers reveals that cost of revenue reporting in XBRL is even more fragmented than revenue. Only 38% of filers use the most common element (CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold), 36% have no standard COGS element at all, and ExxonMobil's $199.5 billion in crude oil purchases is invisible to standard extraction — producing a misleading 100% gross margin.
Seven years after ASC 606 became effective, our analysis of 2,100+ SEC filers shows revenue reporting in XBRL remains deeply fragmented. Only 46% of filers use the ASC 606 element exclusively, 25% still use legacy Revenues, and 11% have no standard revenue element at all.
Data centers need contractors. But which contractor stocks are worth buying? This practical framework covers the 5 metrics that matter: ROIC, backlog, operating margin, DSO, and cash conversion—with real benchmarks and SEC filing examples.
FIX has 40.8% ROIC. PWR has 9.7%—despite 4x the revenue. The 'data center exposure' explanation is incomplete. The full story: FIX earns 2.5x higher margins AND turns assets 30% faster. Here's the DuPont analysis of six infrastructure contractors building America's data centers.
TMUS has the strongest dividend safety metrics—4.29x coverage, 23% FCF payout, 0.5x leverage—yet our analysis flags it as highest execution risk. AT&T, often dismissed for its 2.2x coverage, has the clearest path to dividend sustainability through 2028.
Which MLP offers the safest distribution for income investors? MPLX generates 20.4% ROIC with 45% operating margins. Energy Transfer's 2.74x interest coverage is declining 0.65 points per quarter. EPD's 27-year streak masks deteriorating capital efficiency. The data tells a clear story.
Intuitive Surgical generates 3x the returns on capital of Medtronic and Stryker. DuPont decomposition reveals ISRG wins on both NOPAT margin (25.6% vs 15%) AND capital turnover (0.84x vs 0.49x) — a rare double advantage. The counter-intuitive finding: high stock compensation actually understates their operating efficiency.
Both Jabil (29% ROIC) and Celestica (39% ROIC) rank among the best capital allocators in EMS. But DuPont decomposition reveals they get there through opposite mechanisms — JBL wins on turnover (13x), CLS wins on margin (10.2%). The counter-intuitive finding: CLS has better metrics AND faster growth, yet trades at an apparent discount. Here's what the data reveals.
Boston Scientific has 69% gross margins. Abbott has 56%. Yet Abbott's ROIC is 2.6x higher. This paradox reveals something fundamental about capital efficiency in medical devices—and why screening for 'high margin' stocks can lead you astray.
The conventional wisdom says Visa is the safer, higher-quality payment stock. Our ROIC analysis tells a different story: Mastercard's 78% ROIC dwarfs Visa's 36%, and the reason reveals something important about how to read these metrics.
Dividend investing isn't just about yield—it's about sustainability. Our dividend research library covers payout ratio analysis, hidden liability screening, and sector-specific safety rankings across insurance, utilities, consumer staples, and more.
CL has the highest ROIC (34.4%), yet PG—with the lowest ROIC (23.9%)—shows the strongest improvement trajectory (+21.6% over 8 quarters). Meanwhile, KO's superior cash generation masks a $12 billion tax liability. Here's how to read beyond the headline metrics.
All three companies raised dividends in 2025. All three beat Q3 earnings estimates. But one has a $950 million hidden liability that most investors don't see. Progressive's 26.8% payout looks sustainable until you examine what's buried in the filing footnotes.
Oracle's -$10B Q2 free cash flow triggered alarm bells. Decomposition reveals the collapse is 70% working capital timing, not structural deterioration. The real story: $248B in off-balance sheet lease commitments dwarfs their $100B balance sheet debt. This is the largest infrastructure bet in enterprise software history.
Intel's Q4 2025 reveals three diverging businesses: CCG's 4.7x operating leverage makes it vulnerable, DCAI's 227% incremental margin on new revenue is the hidden turnaround story, and Foundry's loss-per-dollar worsened despite revenue growth.
Adobe's ROIC didn't just beat peers—it doubled in 8 quarters. The story isn't 'Adobe has high ROIC.' It's WHY it improved from 50% to 105% while Salesforce stayed at 12%. DuPont decomposition reveals the answer.
Investors often equate bigger capex plans with growth. But our cash flow analysis reveals the opposite: Entergy's smaller, focused $7.6B program has better OCF coverage than AEP's $72B plan. When all three utilities are burning cash, execution discipline matters more than scale.
Three fuel cell companies target AI data center power, but execution quality varies dramatically. Bloom Energy's +4.5% ROIC vs Plug Power's -104% isn't a small difference—it's a fundamental divide between a functioning business and a value destroyer. Our SEC filing analysis reveals warning signs even for the winner.
GE Vernova's Electrification segment grew +32% YoY, but the company trades at 98.9x earnings with a 3.57% ROIC. Eaton's Electrical Americas grew +15% with 30.3% operating margins—twice GEV's margin at half the P/E. MetricDuck data shows why quality beats hype in AI infrastructure.
At $25B market cap and 41x revenue, Rocket Lab prices in Neutron success. Our 5-pass filing analysis reveals what the narrative misses: Launch Services growth inflated 32% by catch-up accounting, backlog concentration (69% top 5) exceeds revenue concentration, and gross margins compressed from 55% to 37%. Here's what to watch before the rocket flies.
PSX 21% ROIC vs VLO 4.5%? The numbers lie. VLO's Cash ROIC is 23.3%—actually the highest. One-time California impairments distort the picture. Here's the analytical framework that matters.
Yum Brands' shareholder equity is -$7.5 billion. Yet its ROIC is 50.8% - 2.2x McDonald's 22.8%. This isn't financial engineering. It's the byproduct of franchise economics: when a business doesn't need capital, it returns excess to shareholders. We break down the mechanism behind negative equity in asset-light models.
All three mega-banks maintain similar capital adequacy (TCE ratios 6.7-6.9%), but reserve quality tells a divergent story: JPM 5.43x vs BAC 2.48x coverage, BAC's flat ALLL despite highest NPLs, JPM's hidden deterioration (NPAs up 23%), WFC turnaround validated (lowest NCOs). The 4-metric framework reveals which banks are prepared for credit stress.
The market bet on CVX after Maduro's arrest, but the data reveals COP's pure E&P model (29.9% ROIC) plus $8.5B in claims creates asymmetric upside. Chevron books zero proved reserves in Venezuela despite being the only US operator. Which exposure would you rather have?
Four hospital operators, four business models, 14x ROIC spread. HCA's scale generates 19.2% returns. THC's ambulatory surgery centers deliver 16.8% margins. UHS's behavioral health focus shows improving trends—but deteriorating litigation risk. CYH's rural model is structurally broken. Static ROIC analysis misses the risk velocity layer that determines which returns are sustainable.
Palantir (14.6% SBC) and AppLovin (2.4% SBC) both grew revenue ~65% in Q3 2025. So why does one require 6x more equity compensation? Our SEC filing analysis reveals diverging trajectories that matter more than static spreads: APP's SBC is declining 38% YoY while PLTR's is accelerating 42% YoY. The difference: human-intensive vs AI-engine scaling economics.
CrowdStrike's 10-Q tells a rare story: risk factors that are actively materializing. Two risks escalated, one is new, and zero have been resolved. The July 19 incident created $101M+ in expenses, litigation with no disclosed maximum exposure, and management admissions that read like warnings, not disclaimers. This is a test case for reading risk factors seriously.
Wall Street treats homebuilders as a monolithic 'housing play.' But our analysis reveals a 4x ROIC spread (NVR 35% vs LEN 9%) that cannot be explained by margins alone. The divergence stems from three structural factors: NVR's asset-light lot model vs LEN's Millrose spin-off creating structural margin compression, DHI's $26B in specific performance land contracts creating downside asymmetry, and NVR's paradoxically 'cautious' guidance signaling genuine competitive strength.
The semiconductor equipment ROIC spread (LRCX 54% vs AMAT 27%) is observable in any screener. But SEC filings reveal four hidden signals: AMAT faces TWO government investigations plus $181M restructuring, KLAC's AI packaging segment grew 37% with 401bps margin expansion (proving AI demand is real), LRCX's cash conversion is declining -23.7% (hidden stress beneath high ROIC), and ASML's 4-customer concentration creates feast-or-famine cycles.
SanDisk's +569% stock surge looks disconnected from -17% TTM ROIC, but the real story is in the cycle fundamentals: +31% bit shipment growth overwhelming -9% ASP normalization, gross margins inflecting at +7.4pp/quarter, and positive FCF despite transition losses. This is textbook early-cycle recovery, not a bubble.
American Electric Power's dividend growth is accelerating to 7.10% YOY while maintaining the safest payout ratio (57%) among major utilities. Our 8-quarter payout trend analysis reveals AEP's payout improving at -70pp/quarter while NextEra Energy deteriorates at +7.5pp/quarter—an early warning invisible to traditional analysis.
AI infrastructure spending is approaching $500B annually across hyperscalers alone. Our research library covers capex efficiency metrics, depreciation manipulation detection, concentration risk screening, nuclear power for data centers, and supply chain analysis—everything you need to evaluate AI infrastructure investments.
The conventional wisdom says NuScale (SMR) is safer because it has NRC approval. But filing data reveals SMR paid $495M—$6.9M per reactor—to trigger a non-binding customer agreement. OKLO has regulatory uncertainty but uncommitted cash.
Centrus Energy (LEU) returned 264% in 2025 on the HALEU monopoly thesis. But SEC filings reveal a 69% collapse in core SWU pricing and negative gross profit. Meanwhile, Cameco (CCJ) delivered +88% gross profit growth with 530bps margin expansion.
VST's +321% appreciation prices in nuclear optionality, but ignores a $510M battery fire disaster and antitrust lawsuit. CEG's 'capacity price boom' masks 970bps margin spread between regions. TLN's 0.9x interest coverage means debt service consumes nearly ALL operating income. We analyzed 9 filings to surface what the market overlooks.
KLA Corporation delivers 43% ROIC—highest in semiconductor equipment. But SEC filings reveal 33% China revenue concentration, DOJ export investigations, and rare earth supply risks. Our DuPont analysis shows KLAC's zero-debt, asset-light model drives returns, while ASML's 75% invested capital growth explains its ROIC decline. Lam Research emerges as the 'boring winner' with stable returns and minimal risk.
Wall Street loves CVNA's +30% ROIC turnaround story. But our 8-quarter trajectory analysis reveals CarMax is in crisis mode: CEO fired December 2025, forced margin cuts, -8% volume decline. The data shows this isn't online vs traditional—it's about execution quality.
Novo Nordisk outearns Eli Lilly on every margin metric: 84.7% gross margin vs 82.9%, 44.2% operating margin vs 44.4%, and 41.7% FCF margin vs ~27%. Yet LLY's 52% ROIC far exceeds NVO's—which appears as an anomalous -3.6%. This isn't a data error: NVO's negative invested capital reveals an extraordinarily asset-light business model where the standard ROIC formula breaks down. For margin-focused investors, NVO wins. For capital efficiency purists, LLY dominates.
Reddit is playing both sides of the AI data war: licensing to Google and OpenAI for $130M/year while suing Anthropic and Perplexity. SEC filings reveal 'content licensing agreements' driving 'Other revenue' growth. We analyze the dual strategy, quantify the revenue, and assess the legal risk.
Two enterprise AI giants, two very different earnings quality profiles. Palantir (6/10) wins on cash conversion, accounting practices, and litigation risk. Snowflake (4/10) struggles with negative cash conversion (-0.47x) and aggressive software capitalization ($228M). Our 5-pass SEC filing analysis reveals what standard screeners miss.
Eli Lilly's ROIC doubled from 23% to 52% in 2.5 years as Mounjaro and Zepbound drove 54% revenue growth. Meanwhile, AbbVie's Humira declined 56% to biosimilar competition, testing whether Skyrizi and Rinvoq can fill a $20B revenue gap. This pharma divergence reveals how drug pipelines translate to capital efficiency.
LYFT has higher gross margin (42.6%) AND better earnings quality (7/10) than UBER. So why is LYFT barely profitable? The answer: OpEx. LYFT spends 42.2% of revenue on operating expenses vs UBER's 30.6%. Our 5-pass filing intelligence reveals how scale economics beat unit economics in rideshare.
AppLovin's ROIC went from 4.5% to 75% in 2.5 years while revenue growth accelerated from +17% to +86%. Meanwhile, Unity's ironSource merger resulted in -9% ROIC and declining revenue. The data reveals one of the most dramatic capital efficiency divergences in tech history.
Five cloud security platforms, five different approaches to shareholder value. Elastic (7/10) stands out with neutral accounting and sustainable SBC. CrowdStrike (4/10) raises red flags with 22.9% SBC/revenue and multi-front July 19 litigation. Our 5-pass filing intelligence reveals what standard screeners miss.
ARM Holdings generates 97% gross margin—the highest in semiconductors. Yet only 4% reaches free cash flow. Taiwan Semiconductor earns 56% gross margin but converts 63% to FCF. Intel, despite $5.7 billion in CHIPS Act disbursements, still burns cash. We analyzed 20-F and 10-Q filings to explain these capital efficiency gaps.
While Caterpillar is up +60% YTD, most see it as construction/mining. But CAT's Energy & Transportation segment—which powers AI data centers—is the real growth story at +16.8% YoY with stable 20% margins.
Devon Energy generated 48% ROIC in Q3 2025. ExxonMobil generated 11%. Both produce oil and gas. Why the 4.5x difference? The answer lies in capital allocation: XOM returns 73% of FCF as dividends while pure E&P operators reinvest in high-return wells.
Digital Realty has $2.3 billion in construction commitments plus an active SEC investigation. Welltower faces $337 million in put-call acquisition obligations. Standard FFO/AFFO screens miss these entirely. Here's what filing intelligence reveals about 8 major REITs.
Walmart's net margin is actually higher than Costco's (3.96% vs 2.97%). But Costco's ROIC is 2x higher (41.2% vs 20.9%). The difference isn't profit margin—it's asset turnover. Here's the DuPont decomposition of retail capital efficiency.
Honeywell is spinning into THREE companies by 2026. But while management focuses on restructuring, ROIC has quietly declined from 26.3% to 19.4% over 8 quarters. Here's what's dragging down returns and which segments might escape the trap.
Morgan Stanley estimates 99% of software FCF goes to stock-based compensation. But the impact varies dramatically: Snowflake's SBC is 14x higher than Amazon's as a percentage of revenue. Our Filing Intelligence analysis reveals which companies offset dilution - and which leave shareholders holding the bill.
AVGO's top 5 customers account for 40% of revenue. NVDA's largest customer is 22%. ANET depends on Microsoft (20%) and Meta (15%). Standard AI stock screens show none of this. Here's our 2-signal framework for stress-testing AI beneficiaries.
Qualcomm's consolidated margins hide a secret: the QTL licensing segment earns 72% operating margin vs QCT hardware's 30%. When Apple moves fully to in-house modems, what happens to QCOM's profitability? Our semiconductor ROIC comparison reveals the answer.
EQIX's capex intensity jumped +8.7pp in 8 quarters. CCI's ROIC collapsed to -12%. ANET's customer concentration is HIGH (Microsoft + Meta). Standard screeners show none of this. Here's our 4-signal framework for screening AI data center infrastructure stocks.
E&P companies properly account for $35.7B in asset retirement obligations. Pure refiners? Nearly zero—until they're forced to close. Valero's $337M Benicia ARO surprise in April 2025 reveals what investors miss in refinery financials.
Earnings can be manipulated through accounting choices. Cash flow cannot. Our earnings quality research library covers OCF/NI ratios, FCF consistency, stock-based compensation dilution, depreciation divergence, and buyback effectiveness—everything you need to separate real profits from accounting fiction.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) measures how efficiently a company turns invested capital into profit. Our ROIC research library covers sector benchmarks from 938 companies and detailed peer comparisons across 8 industries—everything you need to identify high-quality stocks.
Earnings quality measures how sustainable and real a company's profits are. High-quality earnings convert to cash; low-quality earnings are accounting tricks. This guide shows you exactly how to evaluate any company using our 3-metric framework with original data.
Headline revenue growth hides segment-level divergence. ServiceNow has BOTH segments growing 20%+, while Salesforce professional services declined -5.7%. Which SaaS company has the healthiest segment mix?
ROIC measures how efficiently a company turns capital into profits. A good ROIC is 15%+ for most sectors, but utilities median is 5.7% while retail is 15.9%. This guide shows you exactly how to calculate, interpret, and screen for ROIC using original data from 938 companies.
Companies spent $2.9 trillion on buybacks since 2019. But are they actually reducing shares? Our analysis reveals the uncomfortable truth that 95% of programs are ineffective.
Three major fintechs, three very different approaches to earnings quality. PayPal (8/10) represents conservative accounting, Block (6/10) shows aggressive tendencies with regulatory exposure, and Coinbase (4/10) raises red flags with 0.10x cash conversion. Our 5-pass filing intelligence reveals what standard screeners miss.
Earnings can be manipulated through accounting choices. Cash flow cannot. Learn the cash conversion framework—synthesizing Damodaran's multi-period analysis, Greenwald's earnings power value, and Sloan's accruals anomaly—to separate real profits from accounting fiction.
Wall Street ranks Lockheed Martin's 30% ROIC as best-in-class. But our 8-quarter trajectory analysis reveals LMT's capital efficiency is actually declining (-0.018 trend) while RTX improves (+0.004). The data suggests the market may be mispricing defense contractor quality.
Learn to calculate free cash flow (FCF = OCF - CapEx) with real 2025 SEC filing data from Adobe, Zoom, Snowflake, and Intuit. Discover why ZM's 41.7% FCF margin beats Adobe, how Snowflake generates positive FCF despite $1.35B net loss, and why Intuit's quarterly FCF swings 7x between tax seasons.
Compare any S&P 500 company against 10 competitors using 20+ metrics with 5-7 temporal dimensions each. MetricDuck's free peer comparison tool automates 3-5 hours of manual Excel work in 2 minutes with 8-quarter trends, YoY analysis, and SEC-backed data.
AMD generates $1.72 in cash per $1 of profit—the best in semiconductors—while NVIDIA manages only $0.84. This signals AMD's earnings are higher quality and more sustainable despite NVIDIA's explosive growth.
Every guide to Form 20-F is written for companies filing it—not investors reading it. This guide shows you which sections to focus on, what to skip, and how to spot red flags in foreign company annual reports.
If you've searched EDGAR for ASML or Novo Nordisk quarterly earnings and found nothing, here's why: foreign companies use Form 6-K instead of 10-Q. This guide shows you exactly how to find quarterly results for any foreign stock.
Foreign companies file Form 6-K for everything from quarterly earnings to routine governance notices. Understanding this catch-all form is essential for analyzing international stocks—here's what you need to know.
If you've ever searched for a 10-Q from ASML, Novo Nordisk, or Alibaba and come up empty, you're not alone. Foreign companies have completely different SEC filing requirements—and understanding them is essential for investing in international stocks.